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Schachnovelle: Ein Meisterwerk der Literatur: Stefan Zweigs letztes und zugleich bekanntestes Werk (German Edition), by Stefan Zweig
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Schachnovelle ist eine Novelle von Stefan Zweig, die er zwischen 1938 und 1941 im brasilianischen Exil schrieb. Es ist sein letztes und zugleich bekanntestes Werk. Im Zentrum stehen die Charaktere, insbesondere die missverstehende Konfrontation verschiedener Lebenswelten: Ausführlich werden die psychischen Abgründe dargestellt, die ein Gefangener der Gestapo erlebt, und durch die Rahmenhandlung mit der oberflächlichen Lebenswelt wohlhabender Reisender konfrontiert. Obwohl die Novelle offenbar noch während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus spielt und der Ich-Erzähler Österreicher ist, wird die Existenz des Nationalsozialismus erst in der Erzählung eines früheren Gefangenen angesprochen. Auch das Schachspiel spielt anfangs nur die Rolle einer oberflächlichen Unterhaltung, bzw. eines einträglichen Sports, und erhält erst durch die Figur des Gefangenen Dr. B., der sich während seiner Haftzeit intensiv, gleichsam manisch, mit Schach beschäftigt hat, seine wirkliche Bedeutung.
- Sales Rank: #97203 in eBooks
- Published on: 2013-01-01
- Released on: 2013-01-01
- Format: Kindle eBook
Language Notes
Text: German
About the Author
Stefan Zweig wurde am 28. November 1881 in Wien geboren und starb am 23. Februar 1942 in Petrópolis, Brasilien. Der österreichische Schriftsteller Stefan Zweig kam aus großbürgerlich-jüdischer Familie. Er studierte in Wien und Berlin Phlilosophie, Germanistik und Romanistik. 1904 promovierte er zum Dr. phil. Nach der Promotion bereiste er Europa, Amerika, Afrika und Indien. Während des 1. Weltkriegs war er zuerst propagandistisch im Wiener Kriegsarchiv, dann in offiziösen Missionen in der Schweiz tätig. Er engagierte sich zusammen mit R. Rolland für den Frieden. Nach Kriegsende lebte er bis 1933 mit seiner Frau Friderike in Salzburg. Von ihr löste er sich im Zug einer Übersiedlung nach England, 1941 zog er weiter nach Brasilien, nach Petropolis im Bundesstaat Rio de Janeiro. Unter Depression leidend, nahm er sich dort gemeinsam mit seiner zweiten Frau Lotte das Leben.
Most helpful customer reviews
9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Gripping!
By Esquire
"Die Schachnovelle" or "Chess Short Story" is an excellent little book. As far as I am aware, it is one of the few books in modern German "classic" literature that directly deal with the Nazi past (some others are "Mephisto" by Klaus Mann, "The Seventh Cross" by Anna Seghers, and "The Tin Drum" by Guenther Grass). The "Schachnovelle" is the short story of an Austrian gentleman travelling by ship during the time of the Third Reich. This gentleman is chess amateur. By chance, the unbeaten world champion in chess, an arrogent, conceited, unlikeable man, is also on board the ship. The Austrian gentleman passes his time on board watching chess matches between passengers and the chess master. As the Austrian gets drawn into some losing chess matches between himself with a group of passengers and the chess master, an interesting little man appears in the group just in time to offer the playing passengers asounding insight and advice so that the seemingly hopeless match ends a draw. It becomes clear that the mysterious stranger is a chess guru whose knowledge of the game well exceeds that of the champion. However, the stranger visibly suffers when in contact with chess...it absorbs him and possesses him until he exaustingly pulls himself away. The Austrian traveller notices that the stranger is also Austrian and enters into a discussion with him. Here the stranger recounts his haunting story of how he was arrested by the Nazi Gestapo, put in prison and interrogated day after day, suffering under the physical and psychological pressure of the Nazis. He tells how the sole thing he had in his foresaken prison cell was a book on chess stratagies and manouvers that he had managed to steal during his incarceration. He studied this book inside and out, mentally expanded past its examples and played chess in his mind against himself. Though this kept him sane and able to resist the Nazi's treatment, it eventually became excessive and led to a schizophrenic breakdown as his mind was engaged in a chess battle against itself. Thereafter it was necessary for him to avoid chess like a former drug addict must avoid his drug.
The author, Stefan Zweig, is one of Austria's greatest writers. As a man of culture and a jew, he greatly suffered under the Nazi regime; mostly his suffering was psychological and emotional as he saw his beloved Vienna, Austria, and Europe sink into barbarism. He eventually fled to Brazil where he committed suicide towards the end of World War II.
5 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Operetta not opera
By Luc REYNAERT
Stefan Zweig was not a great character builder or a 'complicated story' teller. His strenght was the short novel stuffed with secret plots, unexpected U-turns and stunning disclosures or endgames, coupled with a good psychological insight.
Some critics called his work 'a heap of superficial effects'.
I don't agee, although he surely has not the depth of a Dostoyevsky.
He was more the master of the operetta, not of the opera. However I must make an exception for his master work 'The World of Yesterday'.
In a natural flowing and enthusiastic style he perfectly sketched his characters and quickly aroused the readers's interest by posing intriguing questions.
The 'Chess Story' is a perfect example of his strenghts, putting the following riddle to the reader: How can a totally unknown person beat a chess world champion?
Read this most intriguing and sometimes harsh pearl of a short novel, which combines anti-totalitarian sentiment, haughtiness and a strong will to survive.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Life in a 'Skinner Box'
By Gio
I didn't esteem this acclaimed novella when I first read it on assignment in a German Lit class at Harvard in 1962. Perhaps the class met too early in the morning, or perhaps I didn't respond to its polished conventionality, its old-fashioned artifice in that era of exaggerated literary experimentalism. Otherwise I can't explain why I dismissed it so heedlessly. Not only is it splendidly composed -- flawless in fact except for one odd glitch in the 'timing' of the narrative -- but also it should have spoken plainly and powerfully to my own milieu. I'll try to make amends, to give credit where credit is certainly due and overdue.
Die Schachnovelle tells of an improvised chess match between two passengers on a ship. One is the 'world champion' Mirko Czentovic, a surly, illiterate peasant with Apsberger-like monomaniacal genius at the game. The other is Dr. B, a Jewish Austrian royalist, who had been interrogated by the Gestapo following the Anschluss in 1938 and who has now been 'granted' exile. The primary first-person narrator is McConner, an engineer with a bent for psycholanalysis who happens to remember salient details about the career of Czentovic and who therefore hopes to probe the phenomenon of his special ability. Most of the story, however, comes second-hand from Dr. B, who confides the shocking truth of his own 'chess-madness' to McConner on deck over several hours. It's the same technique of using a 'displaced narrator' that Joseph Conrad employed so brilliantly in many of his novels; whether Zweig was consciously indebted to Conrad I can't say, but this is the second example of such Conradian structure that I've noted in Zweig's writing, the other being his short novella Der Amoklaufer. Zweig uses his narrative 'Chinese boxes' with fine precision and aplomb.
Dr. B's story is the core of the book. It has been perceived, rightly, as an indictment of the inhumanity of Nazism and of the methods of 'mind control' and torture employed by the 'servants' of the Third Reich. Dr. B is suspected of having information about the finances of the Catholic monasteries of Austria, by whom he was employed. He is imprisoned, but not in a rude concentration camp. Instead he is locked in an almost bare room, deprived of all external stimuli, all variety, all communication for months on end. His only relief from this regimen of sensory deprivation comes in the form of manipulative, unpredictable interrogation. By chance, Dr. B manages to steal a small book from the clothing of an interrogator. It's a manual of 150 masterful chess matches. Dr. B thwarts his tormenters and risks his own sanity by devoting every fiber of his mind to frenetic monomaniacal mental chess.
Sensory deprivation and other methods of mind control were NOT a monopoly of the Nazis, however, as I could already have verified in 1962. BF Skinner and other behaviorists were prominent at Harvard and most other American universities back then. There was a 'sensory deprivation' lab in use at Harvard, about which a certain amount of salacious gossip circulated, concerning unauthorized off-hours experiments in sensory overstimulation of the heterosexual sort. There were also the notorious experiments with mind-altering drugs conducted by Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert. But those shenanigans were benign, merely naive efforts at spiritual and aesthetic enlightenment. The real experiments were 'top secret', though secrecy was oddly porous among intellectuals back then, the projects managed by the USA's "Office of Scientific Intelligence" and funded by the CIA. The general code designation for such projects was MK-ULTRA. Most of the facts that have since become public about MK-ULTRA were revealed through Congressional investigations in 1975-1977 and through cases later taken up by the Supreme Court. There are books about it. You'll find a 'fair and balanced' article about MK-ULTRA on Wikipedia. I'm not making anything up. And I'm reasonably sure that even worse 'secrets' were more successfully concealed, which will never come to light.
At least forty-four universities, including Harvard and Stanford, received project funds related to MK-ULTRA. The projects involved diverse efforts at mind control, extreme interrogation, memory erasure, and hypnotic suggestion. Sounds like "The Manchurian Candidate"? The specific interrogation techniques to be studied included the use of sensory deprivation, sensory bombardment, electric shock, hypnosis, physical torture, humiliation, sexual abuse, and a panoply of drugs including dangerous 'truth' serums and hallucinogens like LSD. Some of the studies involved the recruitment of volunteers, even paid volunteers, but many of the subjects were denied what we now call the right to informed consent. Many were unwitting victims of extremely irresponsible and unethical practices. The goals of the whole shameful process were clandestine; often the academic researchers who received 'grants' for their work were unaware of the sources of the money as well as of the intended uses of their conclusions. But among them there were unquestionably some who "knew"! One example was Harvard professor Henry Murray, who had previously served as a psychological researcher with the OSS during World War II; Murray's most notorious research subject, in retrospect, was Theodore Kaczynski, the Unabomber, who entered Harvard at age 16 in 1959 and immediately began participating in Murray's projects.
The background of MK-ULTRA, by the way, is significant; it had grown out of several covert American programs, following the Nuremberg Trials, to recruit former Nazi scientists with prior experience in extreme interrogation and behavior modification ... precisely the people who interrogated Dr. B in Stefan Zweig's Chess-Novel!
At least one death occurred during a MK-ULTRA experiment, the suicide of Frank Olson in 1953. Another well-known human guinea pig was author Ken Kesey, who discovered LSD as a volunteer in a study at the VA hospital in Menlo Park CA while he was a student at Stanford. One could find a dark pleasure in the irony that the CIA and its minions had a seminal role in the genesis of the hip counter-culture that has so persistently bedeviled their right wing fanaticism.
Poor Stefan Zweig had altogether too clear a vision of the villainy we humans are capable of. His indictment of the police state and its methods should not be perceived as limited to Hitler's Germany. The frightful and criminal torment to which Dr. B was subjected in this 'fiction' survived the end of the Third Reich and became the government-supported curriculum of American higher education in my generation. MK-ULTRA was as vile in its fundamental values as anything the followers of Hitler or Stalin imagined. Stefan Zweig couldn't bear his own vision of the future; though safe in exile in Brazil, he committed suicide in 1942. Schachnovelle may have been his last work.
There are several English translations of Schachnovelle available. Other reviewers seem to favor the 2006 translation by Joel Rotenberg.
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